The loss of pigmentation of the skin can be caused by a number of factors, and it may be at least partially reversible in some cases. An autoimmune disorder known as vitiligo is one of the most common causes, and others include skin infections, acne, or scars that develop as the result of previous injuries or surgical procedures. Medical conditions such as pityriasis alba or nevus depigmentosus may also lead to a loss of pigmentation.
Vitiligo is a type of autoimmune disorder that causes the pigment cells to die. This often leads to the development of pale, white splotches of skin on various parts of the body. This can be a cause of great embarrassment, although it is not particularly hazardous to the health of the patient. Those with this condition do need to wear sunscreen on the affected areas in order to reduce the chances of sunburn and other forms of sun damage that could increase the risks of developing skin cancer.
Scars are another potential contributing factor to the loss of pigmentation. Scars can develop for many reasons, including accidental injury, severe acne, or various surgical procedures. In some cases, some of the skin coloring may return, although if the pigment cells have been severely damaged or destroyed, they are unable to regenerate.
Pityriasis alba is a skin disorder that affects some children. A rash that is lighter in color than the rest of the skin develops, usually on the face, although other areas of the body may be affected as well. The exact cause of this condition is unknown, although it is often thought to be a mild form of eczema. This rash will eventually go away on its own without any medical treatment, even though it may take several months for it to disappear.
Nevus depigmentosus causes localized white spots to develop on various areas of the skin. These spots are considered permanent, as no effective treatment method has been found to repigment the skin. Anyone who has these sports or other pigmentation concerns should discuss them with a medical professional. A dermatologist is a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders and may be the most qualified type of healthcare professional for this purpose.