What is an Echocardiogram?

An echocardiogram is a diagnostic medical test that utilizes sound waves, similar to ultrasound, to generate images of the heart. Typically, the echocardiogram allows the physician to view how well the heart is beating. In addition, this procedure can show how effectively the heart is pumping blood. An echocardiogram is usually performed if the physician suspects heart valve irregularities or if the heart's pumping ability is in question. No pre-test preparation is necessary for the echocardiogram procedure.

Typically, the echocardiogram is performed either in the physician's office or the hospital. The patient will lie on the exam table while the technician prepares for the test. The echocardiogram technician will apply electrodes, or patches, to various locations that will assist in detecting cardiac abnormalities. Usually, during the procedure, the lights in the room will either be off or dimmed, so the technician can gain an optimal view of the monitor. The patient may hear a whooshing sound that is characteristic of cardiac blood flow.

Generally, the procedure takes about an hour. This depends, however, on the patient's condition. Sometimes the technician may request that the patient breath in a particular manner, or request that he position himself on his side to get more complete test results. The procedure is usually painless, but the patient may feel mild to moderate pressure as the transducer presses down on the chest area. Applying firm pressure against the chest produces sharper, more acute images of the cardiovascular system.

If the physician deems the echocardiogram is normal, the patient may not need further evaluation. In the event that abnormalities are discovered, the patient may be referred to a cardiologist. A cardiologist is a physician who specializes in diseases and conditions of the heart. Sometimes, follow-up examinations may include a heart scan or cardiac angiogram. This minimally invasive procedure uses a catheter that is threaded into an artery to determine if a vessel is blocked. The angiogram can help doctors find root causes for blood flow issues and can help them identify aneurysms.

Normally, the cardiac ultrasound can reveal a normal heart size, and it can also help the physician determine if the heart is pumping adequately. In addition, heart muscle damage and valvular anomalies can be revealed. An echocardiogram test is considered a safe medical procedure and is frequently performed on newborn babies if heart defects are suspected. Since no radiation is emitted from the ultrasound mechanism, the cardiac ultrasound is the diagnostic medical imaging test of choice in pediatrics.