There are several types of vital signs monitors, including blood pressure monitors and heart rate monitors. Monitors used for measuring levels of anesthesia administered to a patient are known as anesthesia gas monitors. Monitors used for detecting fetal heartbeats and irregularities of the heart is called a fetal heart rate monitor. Most vital signs monitors store data and can record thousands of pieces of information.
Another type of medical equipment that can be classified as a vital signs monitor is a machine called a signal extraction pulse oximeter. This device is typically used by a patient's bedside and will monitor the saturation of oxygen in the blood, as well as the patient's pulse. The content of the patient's carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin can also be monitored with this piece of equipment. This is one type of monitor that may be used in a non-invasive way.
Fetal monitoring systems are used by physicians to detect activity of an unborn child. These monitors are also used to monitor changes of a fetus who may be at risk for complications before birth. Some of these high-end fetal vital signs monitors will also monitor vital signs of the mother. When a dangerous situation arises, a signal or alert will be triggered. The alerts are typically auditory and may also include alerts shown via a video monitor.
One type of portable vital signs monitor features a touch screen and a carrying handle, as well as a convenient battery backup. These are easy to use, compact, and convenient. These portable machines generally monitor blood pressure, pulse rate, and body temperature. Readouts from these monitors may be printed via a wireless printer, which may be included. Many of these monitors can also detect heart arrhythmias.
The Electrocardiography (EKG) monitor is another device used to monitor vital signs. These monitor the heart and various electrical activities. The EKG monitor may be used to detect subtle or major changes that may impair function. An electroencephalography (EEG) monitor is used for detecting activity and irregularities within the brain.
Emergency medical equipment and vital signs monitors may also be hand held. Most are used to monitor breathing and pulse. These devices are typically powered by rechargeable battery packs. Some of these hand-held monitors may need to be calibrated before they are used for the first time.