What Causes Weil's Disease?

Weil's disease, also known as leptospirosis or swamp fever, is a relatively rare disease. It is directly caused from the infection that occurs as the result of a type of bacteria called Leptospira interrogans. The disease can result if bacteria enter the body through the mouth, nose, or an open wound. This can occur when a person drinks, eats, or plays in or around contaminated water. Since the bacteria originate in rodent animals, such as rats and raccoons, the areas where these creatures frequent may be contaminated with the bacteria as well.

The only direct cause of Weil's disease is infection by the bacterium Leptospira interrogans. It is typically found in water that has been contaminated with the urine from rodents, such as rats, squirrels, raccoons, and mice. Most people become infected when they drink or swim in the contaminated water. The bacteria can enter through many areas of the body, such as an open skin wound, the mouth, the nose, and even the vagina.

Although the chance of contracting Weil's disease is lower in the United States and Europe than it is in other countries, such as India, it is still possible. City ponds and stagnant water easily harbor the bacteria, as they may be frequently visited by city rats. In addition, canals or rivers that move slowly are often contaminated. If water is located near an agricultural or farming area, it may increase the chances of contamination as well. Weil's disease is often contracted by people who work in contaminated farming waters, such as rice fields.

Since swimming or playing in contaminated water can cause Weil's disease, it is important to take precautions to prevent it. For example, a person fishing should wear rubber gloves, waterproof clothing, and goggles to prevent contaminated water from splashing in the mouth, the eyes, the nose, or open wounds. Also, people should think twice before they swim in a pond, canal, or other water sources. Generally, chlorine will kill bacteria that causes Weil's disease, so swimming in a treated pool is a safer option.

Since the bacteria that causes Weil's disease is emitted from the urine of rodents, it is best to stay away from areas where rodents frequent. For example, if a person stumbles upon a nest of mice, it generally is best to let professionals handle the infestation, or at the very least wear protective gear. Frequent hand washing is important as well, as is researching a body of water before swimming or playing in it.