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What Is the Structure of the Skeletal System?

B. Chisholm
B. Chisholm

The structure of the skeletal system consists of all the bones of the body and the cartilage, tendons and ligaments that join them together. It is involved in many vital functions of the body, including holding it up and protecting the organs. Without the skeleton, the body would just be a sack of organs held together by skin.

When referring to the structure of the skeletal system, it can be divided into the bones, or the actual skeleton; cartilage, a flexible and tough connective tissue around the joints which makes movement easier; and tendons and ligaments, which are soft tissues that connect bones to bones and bones to muscles. Together they allow movement of the joints and limbs.

The rib cage is part of the axial skeleton.
The rib cage is part of the axial skeleton.

The skeletal system can also be divided into the head, torso and limbs. The bones of the head include the skull and jaw and excludes the teeth, which are not considered bones due to their different make-up. The torso consists of the ribcage, shoulder blades and spine and ends at the pelvic bones and shoulders. The limb bones are the arm and leg bones, attached to the shoulders and pelvic bones and ending in the fingers and toes.

The anatomy of a bone.
The anatomy of a bone.

The number of bones in the human differs between babies and adults. At birth, humans have over 300 bones, many of which fuse together as the baby grows through childhood to adulthood and the structure of the skeletal system changes. The average adult has 206 bones making up their skeleton.

The bones which make up the structure of the skeletal system are constantly growing throughout life. Even in adulthood, the cells of the bones are constantly reabsorbed and regenerated. It is for this reason that, should a fracture or break of the bone occur, it is possible for them to heal completely. Bone health can be promoted by including calcium in the diet and doing weight-bearing exercise.

The skeletal system can be divided into bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
The skeletal system can be divided into bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

Not only does the skeletal system hold the body together, but it also protects parts of the body. The brain is protected by the skull, the heart and lungs are protected by the rib cage, and the nerves of the spinal cord are protected by the spine. Without the hard protection of the bones, these fragile organs would be far more likely to be damaged during any traumatic exposure.

The longest bone in the body is the femur, or thigh bone, and the smallest bone is the stirrup bone, located in the ear. The jawbone is the only bone in the head that can be moved, allowing speech and chewing.

Discussion Comments

browncoat

We were learning about the skeleton in class the other day and something I found really interesting was that there are actually differences between male and female skeletons.

Particularly in the pelvic region, obviously because the woman has to carry children. I think the lecturer basically said that if they were any wider, the woman wouldn't be able to walk upright and if they were any thinner the head of a newborn wouldn't fit. Unfortunately, thinner means being able to run faster.

He did point out that there was a particular kind of leg crossing that women can do because of the wider pelvis that men cannot, so I guess we get some perks.

indigomoth

@Ana1234 - It's interesting that you say that. I was reading an article the other day about how it's becoming more and more necessary for food companies to figure out ways to remove bones from their products, just because young people don't expect them anymore and find them disturbing.

They are so used to eating processed meat, like chicken nuggets, they are shocked by meat that has bones.

I think it's a terrible thing, because it just shows how far removed kids are now from where their food comes from. They don't realize it used to be a living animal, with bones and sinews and all the rest. They think it was made in a factory (and to some extent, they are right!).

Ana1234

I find the idea of the skeleton so bizarre. I mean, I know everyone has one all the time, but bones are always made out to be such macabre things that it's hard to think of them as a living structure that's always present in your life.

I mean, unless you get a really bad break or something, you're never going to see your skeleton and if you live in the West, it's no one will ever see it.

I didn't really think about it until my father died. He passed away overseas and when they cremated him, they didn't do it the same way they do in the States, so his remains still had little chips of bone in them rather than being pure ash.

It just made me think of how much we take for granted.

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    • The rib cage is part of the axial skeleton.
      By: Jaeeho
      The rib cage is part of the axial skeleton.
    • The anatomy of a bone.
      By: Alila
      The anatomy of a bone.
    • The skeletal system can be divided into bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
      By: Alexander Potapov
      The skeletal system can be divided into bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
    • The longest bone in the body is the femur, which is located in the upper part of the leg.
      By: maya2008
      The longest bone in the body is the femur, which is located in the upper part of the leg.
    • Bodily movement is actually a function of the skeleton and the muscles together, sometimes known as the musculoskeletal system.
      By: Balint Radu
      Bodily movement is actually a function of the skeleton and the muscles together, sometimes known as the musculoskeletal system.
    • Casting is effective for most broken bones because it provides stability while the endosteum and periosteum create new cells.
      By: Fotoluminate LLC
      Casting is effective for most broken bones because it provides stability while the endosteum and periosteum create new cells.
    • The skeleton plays a large role in blood cell production.
      By: Naeblys
      The skeleton plays a large role in blood cell production.
    • Babies are born with 270 bones in their bodies but only have 206 by adulthood.
      By: levranii
      Babies are born with 270 bones in their bodies but only have 206 by adulthood.